Top 20 Tourist Spots in Bihar
1. Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya
Description: The Mahabodhi Temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most important Buddhist pilgrimage centers in the world. This sacred site is where Siddhartha Gautama, later known as the Buddha, attained enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree. The temple complex includes the main temple, the Bodhi Tree, and several other ancient structures.
Historical Significance: Built by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, the Mahabodhi Temple has undergone several restorations and renovations over the centuries. It is a prime example of early brickwork and architecture in India. The temple’s architecture reflects the different phases of Buddhism, from Ashoka’s reign to the Gupta period and beyond.
Key Features:
- The Diamond Throne (Vajrasana)
- The Bodhi Tree
- The Main Stupa
- Various smaller stupas and monasteries
Visiting Information:
- Location: Bodh Gaya, Gaya District
- Timing: 5:00 AM to 9:00 PM
- Entry Fee: Free
2. Nalanda University, Nalanda
Description: Nalanda University was one of the earliest residential universities in the world, attracting scholars from across Asia. Founded in the 5th century AD, Nalanda was a renowned center for learning, particularly in Buddhist studies.
Historical Significance: Nalanda University was a thriving academic hub until the 12th century when it was destroyed by the forces of Bakhtiyar Khilji. The university complex included multiple temples, meditation halls, classrooms, lakes, and parks, spread over a large area.
Key Features:
- Ruins of ancient temples and monasteries
- Archaeological Museum
- Nalanda Multimedia Museum
Visiting Information:
- Location: Nalanda, Bihar Sharif District
- Timing: 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Closed on Fridays)
- Entry Fee: INR 15 (Indians), INR 200 (Foreigners)
3. Rajgir, Rajgir District
Description: Rajgir, surrounded by lush green hills, is an ancient city with a rich history linked to both Buddhism and Jainism. It was the first capital of the kingdom of Magadha and an important center during the time of Buddha and Mahavira.
Historical Significance: Rajgir is known for its historical sites such as the Griddhakuta Hill, where Buddha delivered many important sermons, and the Saptparni Cave, where the First Buddhist Council was held. It also has several hot springs with medicinal properties.
Key Features:
- Vishwa Shanti Stupa
- Griddhakuta (Vulture’s Peak)
- Venuvana
- Hot Springs
- Bimbisara’s Jail
Visiting Information:
- Location: Rajgir, Nalanda District
- Timing: Open all day
- Entry Fee: Free
4. Vaishali, Vaishali District
Description: Vaishali is an ancient city that holds great significance in both Buddhism and Jainism. It is the place where Lord Buddha delivered his last sermon and announced his impending Nirvana. It is also the birthplace of Lord Mahavira.
Historical Significance: Vaishali was one of the world’s first democratic republics and played a significant role in the political and cultural history of ancient India. The city is home to several stupas, monasteries, and pillars erected by Emperor Ashoka.
Key Features:
- Ashoka Pillar
- Vishwa Shanti Stupa
- Relic Stupa
- Kundalpur (birthplace of Lord Mahavira)
Visiting Information:
- Location: Vaishali District
- Timing: Open all day
- Entry Fee: Free
5. Patna Sahib Gurudwara, Patna
Description: The Patna Sahib Gurudwara, also known as Takht Sri Patna Sahib, is one of the holiest shrines in Sikhism. It was built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in honor of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the 10th Sikh Guru, who was born in Patna.
Historical Significance: The Gurudwara stands at the birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh Ji and holds immense religious importance for Sikhs around the world. It houses several relics and personal belongings of the Guru.
Key Features:
- Main Gurudwara Complex
- Museum with relics of Guru Gobind Singh Ji
- Langar (community kitchen)
Visiting Information:
- Location: Patna, Patna District
- Timing: Open all day
- Entry Fee: Free
6. Vikramshila University, Bhagalpur
Description: Vikramshila University was a prominent center for Buddhist learning established in the 8th century by King Dharmapala of the Pala dynasty. It was one of the largest Buddhist universities of its time, rivaling Nalanda.
Historical Significance: Vikramshila played a crucial role in the spread of Tantric Buddhism. The university’s decline began in the 12th century due to invasions. Its ruins, discovered in Bhagalpur, showcase the grandeur of this ancient educational institution.
Key Features:
- Excavated ruins of the university
- Stupas and monasteries
- Central Assembly Hall
Visiting Information:
- Location: Bhagalpur, Bhagalpur District
- Timing: 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM
- Entry Fee: INR 15 (Indians), INR 200 (Foreigners)
7. Pawapuri, Nalanda District
Description: Pawapuri, also known as Apapuri, is a holy site for Jains. It is the place where Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, attained Nirvana and was cremated. The site is marked by several Jain temples and a beautiful lotus pond.
Historical Significance: Pawapuri holds great religious significance as the final resting place of Lord Mahavira. The Jal Mandir, built in the middle of a lotus pond, is a major attraction and a pilgrimage site for Jains.
Key Features:
- Jal Mandir (Temple in the middle of a pond)
- Samosharan (Pavilion where Mahavira gave sermons)
- Gaon Mandir
Visiting Information:
- Location: Pawapuri, Nalanda District
- Timing: Open all day
- Entry Fee: Free
8. Barabar Caves, Jehanabad
Description: The Barabar Caves are the oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India, dating back to the Mauryan period (3rd century BCE). These caves are famous for their historical significance and architectural excellence.
Historical Significance: The Barabar Caves were used by the Ajivikas, a religious sect contemporary to Buddhism and Jainism. Emperor Ashoka and his grandson, Dasharatha, are credited with creating these caves. The caves’ polished interior walls and inscriptions provide valuable insights into ancient Indian history.
Key Features:
- Lomas Rishi Cave
- Sudama Cave
- Karan Chaupar Cave
Visiting Information:
- Location: Jehanabad District
- Timing: Open all day
- Entry Fee: Free
9. Bhagalpur
Description: Bhagalpur, known as the “Silk City,” is famous for its silk production and historical significance. The city has a rich cultural heritage and several notable tourist attractions.
Historical Significance: Bhagalpur has a long history dating back to ancient times. It was an important center during the Mauryan and Gupta periods and played a significant role in the Silk Route.
Key Features:
- Vikramshila University
- Kuppaghat
- Mandar Hill
- Ghantaghar
Visiting Information:
- Location: Bhagalpur District
- Timing: Open all day
- Entry Fee: Free
10. Bodh Gaya
Description: Bodh Gaya is one of the most important Buddhist pilgrimage sites, where Lord Buddha attained enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree. The Mahabodhi Temple complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the main attraction here.
Historical Significance: Bodh Gaya is the epicenter of Buddhism and attracts pilgrims and tourists from all over the world. The site has several temples, monasteries, and meditation centers built by various Buddhist countries.
Key Features:
- Mahabodhi Temple
- Bodhi Tree
- Thai Monastery
- Great Buddha Statue
Visiting Information:
- Location: Gaya District
- Timing: Open all day
- Entry Fee: Free
11. Kesaria Stupa, Kesaria
Description: The Kesaria Stupa is one of the largest and tallest Buddhist stupas in the world. It is believed to date back to the time of Emperor Ashoka and holds significant historical and religious importance.
Historical Significance: The Kesaria Stupa is believed to have been built to commemorate Buddha’s final sermon before his death. The stupa’s massive size and architectural grandeur reflect the influence of Buddhist architecture.
Key Features:
- Massive stupa structure
- Archaeological remains
- Scenic surroundings
Visiting Information:
- Location: Kesaria, East Champaran District
- Timing: Open all day
- Entry Fee: Free
12. Patna Museum, Patna
Description: The Patna Museum, also known as the Jadu Ghar, is the state museum of Bihar. It houses an extensive collection of artifacts, paintings, sculptures, and archaeological finds from the region.
Historical Significance: Established in 1917, the Patna Museum is one of the oldest museums in India. It showcases the rich cultural and historical heritage of Bihar, with exhibits ranging from ancient relics to modern art.
Key Features:
- Didarganj Yakshi (ancient sculpture)
- Fossil of a tree (200 million years old)
- Buddhist relics and artifacts
- Gandhara-style sculptures
Visiting Information:
- Location: Patna, Patna District
- Timing: 10:30 AM to 4:30 PM (Closed on Mondays)
- Entry Fee: INR 15 (Indians), INR 250 (Foreigners)
13. Rohtasgarh Fort, Rohtas
Description: Rohtasgarh Fort, perched atop Kaimur Hills, is one of the largest and most impressive forts in India. It dates back to the 7th century and has witnessed numerous historical events.
Historical Significance: The fort was built by the Hindu king Harishchandra and later occupied by Sher Shah Suri, who made significant additions to its structure. The fort’s strategic location and formidable defenses made it an important military stronghold.
Key Features:
- Man Singh Palace
- Aina Mahal
- Jama Masjid
- Ganesh Temple
Visiting Information:
- Location: Rohtas District
- Timing: Open all day
- Entry Fee: Free
14. Sher Shah Suri Tomb, Sasaram
Description: The Tomb of Sher Shah Suri in Sasaram is an architectural marvel and a significant historical monument. It is the final resting place of Sher Shah Suri, the founder of the Suri Empire.
Historical Significance: Built between 1540 and 1545, the tomb is an outstanding example of Indo-Islamic architecture. It is surrounded by a large tank and features intricate carvings and decorations.
Key Features:
- Central dome
- Ornate carvings and inscriptions
- Beautiful garden and tank
Visiting Information:
- Location: Sasaram, Rohtas District
- Timing: 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM
- Entry Fee: INR 15 (Indians), INR 200 (Foreigners)
15. Madhubani
Description: Madhubani is renowned for its traditional Mithila art, also known as Madhubani painting. This ancient art form is characterized by intricate patterns, vibrant colors, and depictions of Hindu deities and mythology.
Historical Significance: Madhubani painting has been practiced in the Mithila region for centuries and is an integral part of the region’s cultural heritage. It gained international recognition in the 20th century and is now a popular art form worldwide.
Key Features:
- Madhubani Art Gallery
- Local artists’ workshops
- Cultural festivals
Visiting Information:
- Location: Madhubani District
- Timing: Open all day
- Entry Fee: Free
16. Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary, Begusarai
Description: Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary, also known as Kabar Taal, is the largest freshwater oxbow lake in Asia and a haven for birdwatchers. It is home to a diverse range of migratory and resident bird species.
Historical Significance: The lake has been a crucial stopover for migratory birds for centuries. It was declared a bird sanctuary to protect the rich avian biodiversity and promote eco-tourism in the region.
Key Features:
- Birdwatching opportunities
- Scenic landscapes
- Boating facilities
Visiting Information:
- Location: Begusarai District
- Timing: Open all day
- Entry Fee: Free
17. Valmiki National Park, West Champaran
Description: Valmiki National Park is the only tiger reserve in Bihar and a significant wildlife sanctuary. It covers an area of about 899 square kilometers and is home to a variety of flora and fauna.
Historical Significance: The park is named after the ancient sage Valmiki, who is believed to have written the epic Ramayana in this region. It is a part of the larger Valmiki Tiger Reserve, which aims to protect the Bengal tiger and other wildlife species.
Key Features:
- Tiger sightings
- Trekking and nature trails
- Valmiki Ashram
- Diverse wildlife
Visiting Information:
- Location: West Champaran District
- Timing: 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM
- Entry Fee: INR 20 (Indians), INR 250 (Foreigners)
18. Rajnagar Palace, Madhubani
Description: Rajnagar Palace, also known as the Darbhanga Raj Palace, is a historical palace complex built by Maharaja Rameshwar Singh. Although now in ruins, the palace still showcases its former grandeur and architectural brilliance.
Historical Significance: The palace was built in the 19th century and served as the royal residence of the Darbhanga Raj family. It features a blend of Mughal and Rajput architectural styles and has several beautiful structures within the complex.
Key Features:
- Durbar Hall
- Sheesh Mahal (Palace of Mirrors)
- Temples and gardens
Visiting Information:
- Location: Madhubani District
- Timing: Open all day
- Entry Fee: Free
19. Jal Mandir, Pawapuri
Description: The Jal Mandir, or Water Temple, is a significant Jain temple located in the middle of a lotus-filled pond in Pawapuri. It marks the place where Lord Mahavira attained Nirvana.
Historical Significance: Built by King Nandivardhan, the elder brother of Lord Mahavira, the Jal Mandir is a symbol of peace and tranquility. It is an important pilgrimage site for Jains and attracts devotees from all over the world.
Key Features:
- Beautiful marble temple
- Scenic lotus pond
- Peaceful surroundings
Visiting Information:
- Location: Pawapuri, Nalanda District
- Timing: Open all day
- Entry Fee: Free
20. Maner Sharif, Patna
Description: Maner Sharif is a historical and religious site located on the outskirts of Patna. It is known for the tombs of Sufi saints Makhdoom Yahya Maneri and Makhdoom Shah Daulat.
Historical Significance: Maner Sharif has been a prominent center of Sufi culture and learning since the medieval period. The mausoleums and mosques at Maner Sharif showcase exquisite Mughal architecture and attract pilgrims and tourists alike.
Key Features:
- Tomb of Makhdoom Yahya Maneri
- Tomb of Makhdoom Shah Daulat
- Shahi Masjid
Visiting Information:
- Location: Patna District
- Timing: Open all day
- Entry Fee: Free
Conclusion
Bihar is a treasure trove of historical, cultural, and religious landmarks that offer a unique glimpse into India’s rich heritage. From ancient universities and grand temples to serene monasteries and bustling cities, the top 20 tourist spots in Bihar provide a diverse array of experiences for travelers. Whether you’re a history buff, a spiritual seeker, or a nature lover, Bihar has something to offer for everyone.
